Language/Portuguese/Culture/Brazil-Timeline

From Polyglot Club WIKI
Jump to navigation Jump to search
This lesson can still be improved. EDIT IT NOW! & become VIP
Rate this lesson:
5.00
(one vote)
Historical Timeline for Brazil - A chronology of key events
Brazil-Timeline-PolyglotClub.png

Brazil-Timeline-PolyglotClub.jpg

Interesting Facts about Brazil[edit | edit source]

  • Country : BRAZIL🇧🇷
  • Capital: Brasilia
  • Continent: South America
  • Currency: Real
  • Official Language: Portuguese

- Brazil is the world's fifth-largest country by area and the seventh most populous.

- At least 180 languages are spoken in Brazil.

- Brazil has around 4023 airports. 491 public and 2,677 private aerodromes.

- Brazilian Carnival is an annual Brazilian festival is known worldwide for its non-stop one week of partying with two million people per day on the streets.

- Brazil has a 60% share of the Amazon’s rainforest.

- Brazil has been the largest producer of coffee for the last 150 years.

- An island in Brazil called Snake Island has up to 4000-5000 poisonous snakes. - Christ the Redeemer statue of Jesus atop on peak of Corcovado mountain in central Rio de Janeiro is known worldwide for the 38-metre (125 ft).

- It is a ritual in Brazil for boys to bear the pain from Bullet Ants before they are declared adults.

- Brazil has 21 Unesco World Heritage Sites.

- Iguacu National Park, is home to one of the world’s largest and most impressive waterfalls at 1.7 miles wide and with a total of 275 drops.

Source[edit source]

  • Content Research - Ms Harshali Dhatavkar

➡ To LEARN & SHARE interesting experiences: Join the WhatsApp group

Brazil Timeline[edit | edit source]

Date Event

The colony (until 1822)[edit | edit source]

1494 The Treaty of Tordesillas is signed between the thrones of Spain and Portugal. Dividing South America between the two kingdoms of the Iberian Peninsula, he draws an imaginary line, 370 leagues west of the Cape Verde archipelago, delimiting the future Hispanic (to the west) and Portuguese-speaking ( to the East).
1500 This is the official date of the discovery of Brazil: the Portuguese Pedro Alvares Cabral docks off Porto Seguro, in the State of Bahia on April 22. It is still unclear whether this discovery was intentional or not. The lack of interest shown by the colonial power for several decades could tip the scales towards the second solution.
1502 King Dom Manuel concedes to a group of traders the exclusivity of the exploitation of Pau Brasil which would give its name to the country, then called Santa Cruz.
1548 Tomé de Souza takes the head of the first general government of Brazil, which will promote greater centralization of the country from its capital, Salvador, which was founded in 1549 to be the seat of the general captaincies. The location of the city is chosen both for its strategic location and for the natural conditions conducive to the cultivation of sugar cane. The era of sugar begins and will last two centuries, like the enslavement of Africans. These, when they flee, regroup in the quilombos, dissident villages of fleeing slaves, which begin to develop at this same time.
1555 France, like England or Holland, has never recognized the Treaty of Tordesillas and the French invade the Bay of Rio (Baia de Guanabara) with the aim of founding Antarctic France there. Few in number and plagued by many internal conflicts, the French were unable to make their initiative flourish and the experience was cut short. The Portuguese drove them out for good ten years later.
1568 Other times, other customs: Governor Salvador Correa de Sa formalizes the traffic in African slaves, a limit of 120 slaves per year and per sugar baron is set. The black slaves quickly replace, in the large plantations, the natives considered unfit for agricultural work! The sugar trade is therefore very profitable. The farms grow one after the other, around the heart of the sugar complex (Pernambouco and Alagoas). It was the peak of the sugar cycle, which lasted from the end of the 16th century until the middle of the following century, when sudden competition from the more competitive Caribbean islands decimated the Brazilian sugar industry.
1612 France leads a new project to conquer Brazilian soil and the expedition led by Daniel de la Touche, who landed in northeastern Brazil in 1612, aims to create equinoctial France. The city of Saint-Louis was founded, but the expulsion of the French in 1615 sounded the death knell for French ambitions to form a vast colony in South America. France will have to be satisfied with a consolation prize: Guyana!
1624 The Dutch, frustrated with the benefits of the sugar trade by the union of the two Iberian crowns, take action and threaten Portuguese-speaking sovereignty in the region until 1654. If Salvador is invaded but quickly taken over by the Portuguese, the occupation of Pernambouco is longer. The expulsion of the Jesuits from São Paulo (from 1640 to 1653) and the upsurge in Indian capture expeditions by the Bandeirantes (themselves having a good deal of Indian blood) which ensued somewhat limited this dependence. .
1645 It is a local insurrection which is at the origin of the expulsion of the Dutch from the Northeast, Portugal, anxious to secure the support of Holland in its wars against Spain, not intervening of at first not. The Battle of the Guararapes (1648-49) enshrined the victory of the local forces and the Dutch withdrew definitively shortly after, in 1654.
1669 Foundation of Manaus, in the heart of the Amazon.
1694 It is after many attacks that the surrender and destruction of the quilombo de Palmares, the most important of the colonial era, occur. Its last leader, Zumbi, survived but died the following year. Today he is the symbol of black resistance to slavery and remains an important figure in the collective Brazilian imagination.
1699 It is during a Bandeira that we discover gold in Minas Gerais. The gold rush begins and will last for a century.
18th century Intensification of the slave trade. Colonization of the interior of the country. Appearance of cotton, tobacco, rice and cocoa. Black gold in Ouro Preto, green gold (coffee) in Rio.
1754 The Jesuits arm the Indians against the Portuguese armies.
1763 The gold economy favors the transfer of the capital from Salvador to Rio.
1785 Anxious to keep its hold on Brazil and continue to profit from bilateral trade, Portugal prohibits the installation of any type of industry in Brazil.
1788 The breath of revolutions reaches Brazil. The desire for independence in Minas Gerais (inconfidencia mineira), largely inspired by the Enlightenment, failed. The hanging of Tiradentes, leader of the separatists and mythical historical figure, very present in the Brazilian collective imagination, must serve as a symbol for the population. At the same time, the gold vein is running out.
1808 Pressed by the Napoleonic advance on Lisbon, the Prince Regent of Portugal, Joao VI, surrounded by his court, takes refuge in Brazil and promotes the economic takeoff of the country, by opening the ports to England and allowing the installation of factories and factories. It will also consolidate Brazilian unity.
1817 The presence of the Portuguese court in Rio reinforces the power of the city, to the detriment of that of the provinces, which are also penalized by the growing difficulties of the sugar industry.

It is in this context that the Pernambucan revolt intervenes, largely inspired by the independence movements of the United States and Hispanic America.

1821 Joao VI returns to Portugal to fight against the revolution. He leaves Brazil in regency to his eldest son, Prince Dom Pedro.
1822 Dom Pedro refuses to join his father in Portugal and declares himself emperor of an independent Brazil.

The Empire (1822-1889)[edit | edit source]

1824 The first Brazilian Constitution consecrates the separation between the former colony and the Lusitanian metropolis.
1831 Dom Pedro, whose ambiguous attitude towards the Portuguese throne contributes to tarnishing the prestige of his Brazilian subjects, abdicates in favor of his son, Pedro II, then aged five. The regency opens and allows the advent of parliamentarism, during a period of strong political instability and great social unrest, which will extend until 1840.
1840 Political stability and economic development under the fiftieth reign of Dom Pedro II. Definitive economic shift of the country to the south.
1888 Abolition of slavery.
1900 Coffee culture spreads to São Paulo. We produce 13 million bags of coffee, against 130 thousand in 1830. Strong European and Japanese immigration. Dissensions between the coroneis (colonels), the feudal lords, and the central power. Peasant revolts in the Northeast.

The twentieth century[edit | edit source]

1917 Brazil goes to war with Germany. The Germanic community remains loyal.
1930 Coup d'état by Getulio Vargas, supported by the military.
1930 Creation of Brazilian industries of import substitution products.
1937 Vargas is inspired by Italian fascism, declares a state of emergency and institutes the Estado Novo.
1943 Out of opportunism, Brazil goes to war alongside the Allies.
1955 Election of Juscelino Kubitschek, implementation of Brasilia.
1964 The military overthrows President Goulart. The military regime will last until 1985.
1985 The military let democracy manage the economic crisis, and stand in reserve of the dictatorship. Election of Tancredo Neves, then José Sarney. Adoption of the election by universal suffrage and attempt, interrupted in 1988, of agrarian reform.
1992 Election of Collor, who confiscates deposits from Brazilians. He was dismissed in 1994 for corruption.
1994 Interlude by Itamar Franco, then election of Fernando Henrique Cardoso, ex-sociologist and Minister of the Economy.
1994 Launch of the Real plan, fixing the value of the real against that of the dollar. Inflation has been brought under control and the Brazilian economy is regaining some stability.
1994 Large trading blocks are in fashion: creation of Mercosur, a treaty signed between Brazil, Argentina, Uruguay and Paraguay.
1998 Re-election of Fernando Cardoso, against Lula, the candidate of the PT (the Workers' Party), in the midst of financial and monetary turmoil.
2001 Energy crisis. The weak precipitations do not allow the country to produce sufficient energy and it is decided an energy rationing which will last one year and will disrupt the economic performance of the country.

Brazil today[edit | edit source]

2002 Presidential elections. Having served two consecutive terms, Fernando Henrique Cardoso cannot stand. His runner-up, José Serra, is struggling to take off in the polls while his main opponent, the eternal left-wing candidate Lula, has moderate his speech and is on the rise.
January 1, 2003 Lula, the first left-wing Brazilian president, takes office.
September 10-14, 2003 The Fifth Ministerial Conference of the World Trade Organization takes place in Cancún (Mexico). The negotiations ended in failure following opposition from Lula, who demanded more equitable relations with the United States. This position earned him great popularity throughout South America.
June 16, 2005 Resignation of Minister José Dirceu, Lula's right-hand man and friend, as well as several PT leaders following corruption cases. Bribes were reportedly paid to parliamentarians in exchange for their political support.
October 2006 Lula, big favorite in the presidential election in the second round against the Social Democrat Geraldo Alckmin, is reelected. However, the hopes that the people had placed in their champion did not all turn into concrete achievements.
October 2010 Presidential elections. After two terms, Lula can no longer run. It is his candidate and minister Dilma Rousseff who will succeed him. She obtained 56% of the vote in the second round of the presidential election and made history as the first woman president of the Republic of Brazil.
June 2014 Kick-off of the World Cup. After huge events, the festive atmosphere is only visible on the eve of the competition, but it ends up settling there. 600,000 tourists from all over the world arrive in Brazil for thirty memorable days of celebration. The fear of violent protests and the lack of infrastructure to welcome visitors did not materialize and the championship proceeded without major incidents, despite the historic debacle of the Brazilian team in the semi-finals of the competition.
October 2014 Dilma Rousseff leads the first round of the presidential elections and finishes the second round with a slim lead over her rival Aécio Neves. His start to his second term promises to be complicated with a serious corruption crisis at Petrobras.
2015 The second principal of Dilma Rousseff is not easy: the fall in the price of raw materials pushes it to adopt an economic policy of austerity which proves ineffective, the accusations of corruption and accounting manipulations multiply against members of the government and then against the president herself, so that in October, there was already talk of dismissing her.
August 31, 2016 The Senate votes to dismiss Dilma Rousseff. Michel Temer, then Vice-President, replaced her as President of Brazil.
April 7, 2018 Former President Lula takes himself prisoner even though he remains the favorite in the 2018 presidential election. Two weeks later, he authorizes his PT party to choose another candidate.

World Timelines[edit source]

Videos[edit | edit source]

Fruits Vocabulary in Brazilian Portuguese (some quite exotic ...[edit | edit source]

Other Lessons[edit | edit source]

Contributors

Vincent and Maintenance script

Create a new Lesson

Retrieved from "https://polyglotclub.com/wiki/index.php?title=Language/Portuguese/Culture/Brazil-Timeline&oldid=201110"